​The Princeton Research Network on Contemporary China (PRCC Working Paper Series makes results of current social science research undertaken at the Center available in advance of publication or presentation at conferences to share preliminary findings with the larger research community and to encourage discussion among and feedback from researchers working on related topics. Working papers are pre-publication versions of academic or policy articles, book chapters, or reviews. Posted papers are typically in progress, with preliminary findings, tables, and data descriptions, but the work is far enough along and ready to be shared. Some Working Papers may already be under submission or in press and forthcoming elsewhere.

The views expressed in the Working Papers are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Center or the organizations and institutions funding the work. Working Papers have been reviewed internally at the Center but have not been reviewed by subject experts. We expect Working Papers to undergo revisions. The most current version is posted here but there may be another version in progress and you may want to check with the corresponding author before citing.  Unless otherwise stated on the cover page you may cite without permission. The proper form for citing a PRCC Working Paper is: Author (year). Title. Version # Month. PRCC Working Papers.

We encourage comments!  Please send comments and questions about a particular Working Paper directly to the author at the email address listed in the Paper or send an email to [email protected].

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